Substitution Cipher

Cryptography folklore has it that simple substitution ciphers are trivial to break by looking at the letter frequencies of the encrypted text. - Verifying the Substitution Cipher Folklore

Caesar cipher

Caesar cipher, also known as Caesar’s cipher, the shift cipher, Caesar’s code, or Caesar shift, is one of the simplest and most widely known encryption techniques. It is a type of substitution cipher in which each letter in the plaintext is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the alphabet.

ROT13

ROT13 is a simple letter substitution cipher that replaces a letter with the 13th letter after it in the Latin alphabet.

Because there are 26 letters in the Latin alphabet and 26 = 2 × 13, the ROT13 function is its own inverse:

rot13

Written on August 9, 2022, Last update on June 16, 2025
crypto security math